Gearbox
A
gearbox is part of a manual transmission system. The gearbox is a housing containing
different-sized gearwheels arranged along two or more shafts
that enable the driver to adapt the speed of the engine to
suit the conditions in which the car is being driven. In a
conventional manual four-speed gearbox, there are four pairs
of gearwheels arranged on parallel input, output, and lay
shafts. The input and output shafts are joined by a bearing,
but can rotate at different speeds. The gears on the input
and lay shafts are fixed and rotate together, while the gears
on the output shaft can rotate freely. The teeth of the gears
are permanently meshed. In five- and six-speed gearboxes,
there are five and six pairs of gears.
Power from the engine is transmitted to the gearbox by the
clutch. Synchromesh hubs and collars are positioned on
the output shaft between the gears and slide along the shaft.
These ensure that each gear is spinning at the right speed
before being engaged, producing a smooth gear change.
When the driver selects a gear, a selector rod connected to
a fork moves a synchro-hub along the output shaft towards
the correct gear. The hub and its collar engage with the gear
and lock it to the output shaft. As the input shaft rotates,
it turns the output shaft via the lay shaft and the meshing
gear. In this way, power from the engine is transferred from
the input shaft to the output shaft, and from there to the
final drive and differential.
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