Toe
Toe is one of the three main factors involved in wheel alignment,
the others being camber and caster. Toe, measured in millimeters (in the US) fractions
of an inch, is the amount by which the front or rear wheels
point inwards or outwards at the front of each wheel in relation
to each other. Put another way, it is the difference in distance
between the front of the tires and the back of the tires.
Toe tells how parallel the wheels are.
Zero toe means that wheels are perfectly parallel and pointing
forward. Toe-out means the front of the tires are farther
apart than the rear of the tires; toe-in is the reverse condition.
Of all the alignment factors, toe has the biggest effect on
tire wear. If the toe is wrongly set it will cause rapid tire
wear, although the patterns of wear are different between
front and back. Front toe-out causes the inside edge of the
tire to scuff and become prematurely worn; front toe-in results
in a similar problem on the tire’s outside edge. In the case
of rear tires, excessive toe-in or toe-out causes a characteristic
diagonal cupping pattern of wear.
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