| A 
              caster-camber gauge is an instrument that measures two of the three 
              most important angles in the geometry of the front end of a road 
              vehicle. These are the camber and the caster (the other important 
              angle is called the toe). Using bubbles, the gauge indicates the 
              degree of tilt and can therefore be used as an aid in aligning the 
              front of the vehicle. 
 Camber is the tilting of the wheels from the vertical when viewed 
              from the front of the vehicle. When the wheels tilt outward at the 
              top, the camber is positive; when they tilt inward at the top, the 
              camber is negative. The amount of tilt is measured in degrees from 
              the vertical. Camber settings affect the directional control of 
              the vehicle and tire wear.
 
 Caster is the tilting of the uppermost point of the steering axis 
              either forward or backward (when viewed from the side of the vehicle). 
              A backward tilt is positive; a forward tilt is negative. Caster 
              influences directional control of the steering but doesn't affect 
              the tire wear.
 
 Bubble gauges have now been superceded in professional alignment 
              shops by lasers and computer equipment. However, bubble gauges provided 
              fairly accurate alignment capability for home garages and racetracks.
 
 When aligning the front end of a vehicle, the camber is adjusted 
              first, then the caster. This sequence must be performed repeatedly 
              because the camber and caster alignments affect each other. Finally, 
              when both are within specs, the toe-in can be adjusted
 
 
 
 
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